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An optical-grade, free-standing diamond (FSD) film is prepared by home-made microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor at a condition of input power 8 kW and gas pressure18 kPa. Then, it is implanted with 80 keV Ag ions up to a fluence of 5.0 × 1016 ions/cm2. After implantation, a subsequent annealing in Ar ambient at 500 °C is carried out to fabricate Ag nanoparticles (NPs). Grazing incidence...
Transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) layers are widely used as the front electrode for thin-film silicon solar cells. For superstrate configurations, the front AZO layer simultaneously provides both electrical conductance and optical scattering. To improve the device performance, a textured surface is needed to enhance the photogeneration inside the solar cell through better light scattering...
The strain sensitivity in epitaxial Sn0.94K0.06O2 thin films grown on buffered c-plane sapphire was systematically investigated. Both XRD and Raman results demonstrate the biaxial tensile strain induced by the lattice mismatch between substrate and film could be altered by a SnO2 buffer layer. When the tensile strain in the bc plane becomes larger, more K ions tend to occupy substitutional sites,...
Highly dense TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized by anodization of titanium foil. The TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by using XRD, FESEM, TEM and HRTEM. GO/TiO2 and RGO/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by electrophoresis method using de-ionised water. FESEM images confirm complete covering of the GO and RGO nanosheets on the entire surface of TiO2 nanotubes. Field emission studies of TiO2 nanotubes,...
In the present study, we have investigated the growth of branched gold (Au) cauliflower-shaped nanoparticles on Cicada's wing nanonipple arrays. The gas aggregation dc magnetron sputtering nanocluster source without size filtration was employed for fabrication of the samples. It was observed that the operating conditions of dc magnetron sputtering, such as gas pressure in the aggregation chamber and...
It is known that the peak current in start-up process would affect the operation of the power supply system in Hall thrusters. Experimental testing shows that the peak current on the power supply side is elusive with different operating conditions. This causes the setting of over-current value of power supply into dilemma. The formation mechanism of the peak current on the power supply side is discussed...
This paper considers the influence of switching operations on the characteristics of vacuum switching elements. The following operations, all with circuit-making without current, have been taken into account: circuit-breaking without current, circuit-breaking with nominal current and circuit-breaking with short-circuit current. The influence of switching operations is examined for the random variables...
Brazing SiO2f/SiO2 composites with metals is often associated with the problems of poor wettability with active brazing alloy and poor mechanical properties of joints. To overcome these problems, we report the plasma treatment on SiO2f/SiO2 by PECVD for their assisted brazing with Nb. The O–Si–O bonding changed into Si–C bonding on the surface of SiO2f/SiO2 by the plasma treatment can improve the...
TiO2 thin films were deposited on FTO glass by ALD technique using titanium tetrachloride and water as precursors. A thorough investigation of the TiO2/FTO film properties was carried on, varying the process temperature in the range (150–400) °C and keeping fixed at 2000 the number of reaction cycles. TiO2 films were also grown on Si(100) and glass substrates for some comparisons. RBS, GIXRD, Raman...
The interfacial and the pure gas-phase resistances in air to vaporizing cesium species were evaluated in a comparison of the experimental vaporization flux and the maximum vaporization flux as calculated based on the kinetic theory of gas and the film theory. Gas-phase mass transfer resistances did not show great changes with the temperature, but their values were much greater that those associated...
This paper presents a computational fluid dynamics model to optimize atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, in which the temperature, precursor mass fraction, mass flow and pressure have been quantitatively analyzed by combining surface chemical reactions with species transport. Simulation results show that the higher temperature increases the growth rate and accelerates the surface deposition process,...
In this paper, we systematically investigate the morphological characteristics and evolution process of plasma induced pitting damage (PIPD) during the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of fused silica with subsurface damage (SSD). Plasma induced pits are found to have uniform diameter as opposed to SSD induced pits. PIPD evolves differently in physical and reactive etching. In physical etching,...
Amorphous Nb–Ru–O–N thin films were reactively synthesized with equal partial pressures of N2 and O2 to explore their competitive incorporation. The highest N content was obtained at low partial pressures, implying that there is a mechanism hindering the N incorporation. To elucidate the underlying growth mechanisms, density functional theory based molecular dynamics simulations were performed. O2...
The pumping behaviour of sputter-ion pumps (SIPs), as a direct result of their underlying pumping mechanisms, is heavily influenced by several factors, including operation pressure and composition of the residual gas being pumped. Depending on their pumping history, SIPs can be thus characterised by transient phases in which some gases are released prior to the attainment of equilibrium between pumped...
Heterostructures of 2-dimensional (2D) layered MoS2 nanofilms on ordered 1-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanorods (MoS2@TiO2 heterostructures) are synthesized on Si substrates using a simple and low-cost hydrothermal method and then used as field emitters. Results of comparative experiments show that the MoS2@TiO2 heterostructures outperform the as-synthesized 1D TiO2 nanorods in field emission. This advantage...
A three-dimensional computer model of ion optics is developed to analyze the focusing properties and lifetime characteristics of ion engines. The simulation model includes the following main parts: solution of the self-consistent problem with calculation of the potential and space charge distribution; calculation of rarefied gas flows in the free-molecule approximation; modeling of charge-exchange...
The effect of energy deposition in fullerene C70 (∼150 nm) thin film deposited by resistive heating method on glass, quartz and silicon substrates was investigated. The samples were irradiated with 90 MeV Ni ion beam at the fluences ranging from 1 × 1012 to 3 × 1013 ions/cm2. The pristine and Ni ion irradiated samples were examined for morphological and optical changes by Scanning Electron Microscopy...
The vacuum problem in MEMS devices has not been solved yet. The attempts of many years to support the reliability of these devices using getter films based on transition metals did not lead to success. Getters and the standard bonding process appeared to be incompatible due to strong volume outgassing of all materials within the cavity during their heating. The way out in this situation is seen in...
Photocurrent applications of undoped and Cd-doped ZnTe nanowires, which were grown by tellurization of zinc sheets in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) set-up, were investigated. The zinc sheets were placed in three temperature zones in a tube furnace. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images showed that, temperature, tellurium, and cadmium concentration are three important factors...
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